Can you imagine the never ending month long shit show from Republicans if Obama had talked to a reporter like that ? You’d never hear the fucking end of it.

I live in Germany, and over here unless your employer can present a damn good safety critical reason for why you must be sober at work (e.g. operating heavy machinery) it’s not even legal to randomly drug test employees.

For your standard office job, or McDonalds cashier, or even high level office positions it would all be illegal for the employer to (randomly) drug test you.

As long as you’re not operating dangerous machinery, it’s none of your employers business what you do off the clock at home, even if that’s consuming illegal drugs. They can (obviously) ban you from being high at work, but they would reasonable suspicion to accuse of you violating that, and potentially trigger a test (which means effectively the thing that is banned is for your performance at work to be impaired by drugs. If you work equally well high as sober, and don’t reek of weed when you walk in, you can pretty much just work high without risk of much consequences)

And how is that supposed to work ? You can’t fix the healthcare care system or economy in a day, so non wealthy people would still struggle to live as politicians whilst those changes are being worked on, meaning there’s little motivation for them to join politics, and independently wealthy people who are just in it for the power wouldn’t give a fuck about being badly paid. Look at Trump. He doesn’t even take a salary, because he’s corrupt and wealthy enough to not need it, so his salary being low would matter fuck all to him and other corrupt pieces of crap like him.

In this case it isn’t about improving heat transfer through the bottom of the pan, it’s about improving heat transfer across the bottom of the pan.

The heat will travel through the pan more slowly because of the added material, but due to coppers extremely high heat conductivity, the copper base will heat very evenly, even if the heat source is unevenly applied, and therefore evenly transfer that heat through the steel layer.

Yes it would. Adding material generally makes thermal conductivity worse. There is no material with negative thermal resistance, so adding more will always increase thermal resistance by at least a bit.

The only exception is 3D geometries, where an increase in surface area due to the extra material can outweigh the effect of the added material, and lead to a net increase in thermal transfer.

This can lead to a paradoxical effect, where ADDING insulation around a pipe leads to HIGHER transfer than with less insulation material, because the added material increases the exterior diameter, and therefore surface area.

(Heatsinks are also a good example. It is more material than just the component by itself, but increases surface area by such a massive amount that it more than outweighs the added material)