Going to depend how much stronger than the local winds are to a thunderstorm.

If I may make a suggestion - with a parachute.

With no parachute they just go down for a couple minutes. With a parachute they go up and down for hours, in the middle of a hurricane.

Surveillance, recon and range of weapons has drastically changed. Satellites have the capability to identify a surface fleet and long range weapons are now able to be fired from long distances, find and hit their targets.

I think a couple submarines can effectively negate a carrier task force by just forcing the task force to keep their distance by the threat of a missile launch coming from a patch of seemingly empty see. Any surface ship hunting them is at risk of suddenly becoming the hunted themselves by the submarine or by any land based defense system that are in range.

Do they need to be able to fight across the entire Pacific? Their most likely adversaries are right next door and their most likely ally is the dominant naval power already.

I any money spent on a large carrier would probably be better spent on other things. You can spend 10 billion on a single carrier or get a fleet of ~100 F-35s. I would guess mid-air refueling and more planes will get more sorties over likely targets in a conflict than a carrier would.

I also don’t think carriers are going to be the dominant sea power force in a future peer conflict. I think the submarine will dominate the next war. The carrier will be regulated to power projection after the sea is won and made safe to operate in.

It not usually into the airspace. Just into the air defense zone which is over international waters. It’s the nation-state equivalent to “I’m not touching you.”

The Soviet Union/Russia have a habit of sending submarines into Swedish waters.

I honestly like the number eleven for the division in the US. There’s even a nice map.

A woman has her own value and that value decreases by men looking at her.

I didn’t know men had that kind of super power. The ability to decrease value of something just by looking at it. Can we harness this power to decrease home prices?

The scale of the support provided is very different. While Germany and others have been provided support, I would be concerned if the USA was to withdraw theirs. It would take all other supporters doubling or tripling their aid to make up the loss. Not an impossible task but also not a small one.

That’s not how science generally works. It’s not up to others to disprove your results. It’s up to you to prove results to them.

You generally do this by very carefully explaining what you did and what the results where. Then others can follow your instructions and get the same results.

If they don’t get the same results you haven’t proven anything.

That’s Greg Egan for you. I recommend Diaspora by him if the simulated human theme intrigued you.

I wouldn’t compare Belgium sans Gulfstream to Winnipeg. Center of a continent vs by an ocean makes a big difference no matter the latitude. I think it would be much more fair to compare it to someplace like St. John’s. It will still be colder but not to the same extent.